আম পাকানো নিয়ে দুর্বিপাক

‡mKv‡j ev‡ivgvm Avg cvIqv †hZbv| †kvbv hvq †MŠ‡oi GK myjZvb kxZKv‡j DwRi‡K †W‡K ej‡jb,Òï‡bwQ †MŠ‡o Avg bv‡g GK mywgó dj cvIqv hvq| Avgv‡K Awej‡¤^ GB dj LvIqvI|Ó kxZKv‡j Avg LvIqv‡bvi ûKzg ï‡b DwR‡ii †Zv gv_vq nvZ| gnv`ywðšÍvq c‡o †M‡jb | DwR‡ii Aw¯’iZv †`‡L Zvi my›`ix Kb¨v welqUv wK wcZvi wbKU Rvb‡Z PvB‡jb | me ï‡b Kb¨v Zv‡K wKQz civgk© w`‡jb | ciw`b DwRi nvwmgy‡L `iev‡i nvwRi nIqv gvÎ myjZvb ej‡jb, ÒDwRi Zzwg wK Avgvi Rb¨ Avg G‡b‡Qv?Ó DwRi gv_v wbPz K‡i ej‡jb,Ò myjZvb  ev›`vi Aciva gvd Ki‡eb| GB Amg‡q Avwg Avcbvi Rb¨ Avg msMªn Ki‡Z cvwiwb| wKš‘ Av‡gi ¯^v` †Kgb Avcbv‡K Zv †evSv‡bvi GKwU Dcvq †ei K‡iwQ |Ó Gi ci DwRi Zvi j¤^v `vwo‡Z wKQz wPUv¸o Ges †ZuZz‡ji im gvwL‡q myjZv‡bi mvg‡b GwM‡q Zv †jnb Kivi AvnŸvb Ki‡jb| myjZvb cig AvMÖnf‡i Zv Ki‡jb | mfvm`MY myjZvb‡K wR‡Ám Ki‡jb, ÒAv‡gi ¯^v` †Kgb eyS‡jb ûRyi?Ó Rev‡e myjZvb Rvbv‡jb,ÒeySjvg Avg mywgó imv‡jv dj | Z‡e Clr UK Ges Avkhy³|Ó †mB myjZvbI †bB, †mB †MŠoI †bB| wKš‘ GLbI cÖPzi Avg d‡j Ges Zv †`‡k-we‡`‡k Av‡gi f³‡`i imbv cwiZ„ß K‡i|

G ch©šÍ me wVKB wQj | GLb †Mvj †eu‡a‡Q Avg cvKv‡bv wb‡q| Mv‡Q KuvVvj _vK‡j A‡b‡K †Muv‡d †Zj †g‡L Zv wKwj‡q cvKv‡bvi Avkv K‡ib | wKš‘ Av‡gi gZ †Kvgj dj wKwj‡q cvKv‡bvi wPšÍvUvB AgvbweK n‡Z cv‡i| A_P `yóR‡biv Awf‡hvM Ki‡Qb GB Avg cvKv‡bvi Rb¨ †evgv evbv‡bvi gkjv Ges I‡qwìs G SvjvB‡qi K¨vjwmqvg Kve©vBW ( ms‡ÿ‡c GUv‡K mevB Kve©vBW e‡jb ) w`‡q bvwK KuvPv Avg cvKv‡bvi Kg©wU e¨vcKfv‡e m¤úvw`Z n‡”Q| GB `~®‹g©wU ïay Av‡gi †ejvq bq, AviI bvbv iKg dj †hgb- Kjv, bvkcvwZ,Rvg,Avbvim,wKDB mn AviI A‡bK d‡ji †ÿ‡ÎI Kiv n‡”Q| D‡jøL¨ fviZ,cvwK¯Ívb,gvj‡qwkqv  mn A‡bK †`‡kB dj cvKv‡bvi Rb¨ Kve©vBW Ges G RvZxq Ab¨vb¨ welv³ ivmvqwbK Dcv`vb e¨envi Kiv AvBbZ `Ûbxq Aciva |

G cÖm‡½ we¯ÍvwiZ Av‡jvPbvi Av‡M dj cvKv m¤ú‡K© Avgv‡`i wKwÂr avibv _vKv `iKvi| Avgiv wK KLbI †f‡e †`‡LwQ KuvPv GKwU Avg cvK‡j †h AvKl©bxq njy` imv‡jv wgwó cywóKi †jvfbxq Lv`¨ e¯‘‡Z cwiYZ nq| Zvi inm¨wU wK ? dj cvKvi cÖwµqvi d‡j †h †Kvb KvuPv UK dj mvavibZt AvKl©bxq my¯^v`y Lvev‡ii e¯‘‡Z cwiYZ nq| AwaKvsk dj cvKvi ci wgwó nq; meyR eY© cwiewZ©Z n‡q njy`vf is avib K‡i Ges big I †Kvgj nq | mvavibZ cvKv d‡j A¤øZ¡ KuvPv d‡ji †P‡q †ewk; wKš‘ Zvi d‡j Gi ¯^v` UK nq bv | cÖkœ n‡”Q dj cvKvi cÖwµqvwU wKfv‡e N‡U _v‡K ? KvuPv dj k³, UK Ges Zv gvbyl wKsev Ab¨ cïcvwLi wbKU AvKl©bxq bq | Avi Gfv‡eAB MvQ-cvjv Zv‡`i esk e„w×i Rb¨ `iKvix exR‡K KuvPv Ae¯’vq cky-cvwLi Avµgb †_‡K iÿv K‡i |

dj cvKvi cy‡iv cÖwµqvwU  Bw_wjb (C₂ H₂) bv‡g M¨vmxq Dw™¢` ni‡gvb Øviv wbqwš¿Z nq | GB Dw™¢` ni‡gvb dj cvKvi Rb¨ KZ¸wj GbRvB‡gi Kvh©Kjvc wbqš¿K wRb Gi cÖKvk wbqš¿b K‡i _v‡K| GmKj GbRvB‡gi cÖfv‡e d‡ji Z¡K big nq| A¨vgvB‡jR bvgK GbRvB‡gi cÖfv‡e d‡ji Z¡K big nq | A¨vgvB‡jR bvgK GbRvB‡gi cÖfv‡e d‡ji RwUj kK©iv wewkøó n‡q mij  wPwb ‰Zwi nq |dj cvK‡j wgwó nq| nvB‡Wªv‡jR GbRvBg d‡j †K¬v‡ivwdj †f‡½ A¨vb‡_vmvqvwbb ˆZwi K‡i | †K¬v‡ivwd‡ji iO meyR; GRb¨ KuvPv dj meyR | wKš‘ A¨vb‡_vmvqvwb‡bi Kvi‡Y cvKv dj njy`, Kgjv wKsev jvjvf eY© avib K‡i| cvKv dj KuvPv d‡ji †P‡q big Ges †Kvgj Kvib AwZwi³ ‡cKwUb _vKvi Kvi‡b KuvPv dj k³ nq | cvKvi mgq †cKwU‡bR GbRvBg mwµq nIqvi Kvi‡b †cKwU‡bi cwigvb K‡g hvq e‡j cvKv dj big nq| nvB‡Wªv‡jR GbRvB‡gi mvnv‡h¨ d‡ji wewfbœ ˆRe Dcv`vb I `vqx A¨v‡ivgvwUK †hŠM Drcbœ nIqvi Kvi‡b cvKv dj †_‡K we‡kl myMÜ Qovq|

dj cvKv‡bvi ni‡gvb m¤ú‡K© Rvbv bv _vK‡jI K…l‡Kiv wKš‘ nvRvi eQi a‡i dj cvKv‡bvi Rb¨ bvbviKg ‰Kvkj cÖ‡qvM K‡i Avm‡Q| †hgbt

·       AZx‡Z wgk‡ii K…l‡Kiv Wzgyi dj‡K gvSLv‡b †d‡o w`Z| Gi d‡j Wygyi ZvovZvwo cv‡K| KvuPv dj‡K AvNvZ Ki‡j, GgbwK MvQ †_‡K cvKv dj cvi‡jI Zv `ªZ cv‡K|

·       Px‡b cÖvPxbKv‡j KuvPv bvkcvwZ GKwU e× K‡¶ †i‡L myMwÜ`ªe¨ †cvov‡bv n‡Zv|  Gi d‡j bvkcvwZ mn‡R ‡c‡K †hZ|

·       Rxevby hy³ wKsev QÎvK msµwgZ dj cv‡ki A¶Z djmg~n cvK‡Z mvnvh¨ K‡i e‡j g‡b Kiv nq|

·       Aóv`k kZ‡Ki gvSvgvwS mg‡q †`Lv †hZ c‡_i av‡ii †Kvb Mv‡Qi KvÛ A¯^vfvweK fv‡e †eu‡K †hZ| c‡i fvjfv‡e †Lqvj K‡i †`Lv †Mj c‡_i evwZi cv‡ki MvQ¸wji †ejv‡ZB Ggb N‡U‡Q |

·       A‡b‡KB Rv‡bb GK e¨vM fwZ© KuvPv Av‡cj wKsev bvkcvwZi ‡fZ‡i GKwU cvKv Av‡cj †i‡L w`‡j Av‡cj wKsev bvkcvwZ ZvovZvwo ‡c‡K hvq |

·       GKwU cPuv Av‡cj Szwoi Ab¨ Av‡cj ¸wj bó K‡i †`q |GUv ïay K_vi K_v bq, ev¯Í‡eI Zv N‡U|

   

1901 mv‡j c‡_i evwZi cv‡ki MvQ¸wji welqwU †Lqvj K‡i w`wgwÎ †bjRy‡ev Avwe®‹vi Ki‡jb Mv‡Qi Kv‡Ûi Ggb AevK Kv‡Ûi Kvib Avi wKQzB bq- AwZcwiwPZ GK ivmvqwbK c`v_© Bw_wjb |GLb Avgiv mK‡j Rvwb dj cvKvi  Rb¨ `vqx Dcv`vb n‡”Q Bw_wjb| A_P cÖ_‡g A‡b‡KB Zv wek¦vm Ki‡Z Pvbwb | Kvib GZ mvavib GKwU ivmvqwbK Dcv`vb †Kgb  K‡i GZ eo wek¦qKi KvRwU K‡i? Bw_wjb†K †KD ni‡gvb e‡j wPšÍvB Ki‡Z cviwQ‡jbbv| wKš‘ ev¯Í‡e Bw_wjbB Mv‡Qi dj cvKv‡bvi cÖwµqvq ¸iæZ¡c~Y© KvRwU K‡i| 1913 mv‡j Avwe¯‹…Z nq ‡h Dw™¢‡`i wbR¯^ Bw_wjb ‰Zwii ¶gZv i‡q‡Q| D”P‡kªbxi Dw™¢‡`iI KvÛ,g~j,cvZv,dzj,dj mn me As‡kiB Bw_wjb ˆZwii ¶gZv i‡q‡Q| mvavibZ dj cvKvi †gŠmy‡g Ges cvZv S‡o hvIqvi mg‡q Bw_wjb ˆZwi nIqvi cwigvb †e‡o hvq| GLb Rvbv wM‡q‡Q †h d‡ji Bw_wjb ˆZwii cwigvb K…wÎg Dcv‡q evov‡bv m¤¢e; †hgb- d‡j AvNvZ jvM‡j AwZwi³ Bw_wjb ‰Zwi nq| GQvov A‡bK ivmvqwbK Dcv`v‡bi mvnv‡h¨I Bw_wjb ˆZwi evov‡bv hvq| 1993 mv‡j dj cvKv‡bvi m‡½ mswkøó wRb `ywU mbv³ Kiv nq| G`y‡Uv wRb‡K ETR1 Ges  CTR1 bv‡g wPwýZ Kiv n‡q‡Q| Bw_wjb ˆZwi nIqv ch©šÍ GB wRb `ywU mwµq _v‡K| Gi d‡j dj cvKv‡bvi Rb¨ `iKvix GbRvBg mg~n ms‡kølb Kivi Rb¨ AviI Ab¨vb¨ wRb mwµq nq| dj cvK‡j gvbyl Ges cï-cw¶ Zv f¶b K‡i Ges d‡ji exR gvwU‡Z †d‡j †`q| Gfv‡e cÖK…wZ Dw™¢`mg~‡ni eskwe¯Ívi Ges Aw¯ÍË¡ i¶vi KvRwU wbcybfv‡e m¤úbœ K‡i| eyw×gvb gvbyl dj cvKvi GB Ávb †K e¨emvwqK Kv‡R my`¶fv‡e cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Q|

dj cvKvi KvRwU Bw_wjb Øviv wbqwš¿Z| myZivs Bw_wjb ˆZwi nIqv wbqš¿b Kiv †M‡j dj‡K B”QvgZ KuvPv ivLv †h‡Z cv‡i| Bw_wjb K…wÎg Dcv‡q evwYwR¨Kfv‡e Drcv`b Kiv hvq |c„w_ex‡Z me©vwaK Drcvw`Z ˆRe †hvMmg~‡ni g‡a¨ Bw_wjb GKwU| 2005 mv‡j c„w_ex‡Z 107 wgwjqb †gwUªK Ub Bw_wjb Drcvw`Z n‡qwQj| †c‡Uªv‡Kwg‡Kj wk‡í Bw_wjb Drcv`b Kiv nq| wcwfwm (PVC) Ges cwjw_wjb cøvwóK ˆZwii Rb¨ GUv e¨vcKfv‡e e¨envi Kiv nq|

we‡k¦i dj e¨emvqxiv Zv‡`i Afvebxq mvd‡j¨i Rb¨ Bw_wjb Gi Dci wbf©ikxj| Kvib cvKv dj Rvnv‡R wKsev †cø‡b GK ‡`k †_‡K Av‡iK †`‡k ißvwb Kiv hvqbv | GRb¨ KuvPv dj Rvnv‡R K‡i ißvwbi ci wbw`©ó †`‡k wb‡q K…wÎg Dcv‡q cvKv‡bv nq Ges evRv‡i wewµ Kiv nq| Gfv‡e gvwK©b hy³iv‡óª j¨vwUb Av‡gwiKv wKsev Avwd«Kv n‡Z Avg`vbx Kiv Kjv cvKv‡bvi c‡i evRviRvZ Kiv nq| A‡bK mgq Bw_wjb M¨vm Drcbœ Kivi myweav‡_© AbyNUK Drcv`K e¨envi Kiv nq| Gi d‡j dj cvKv‡bvi K‡¶ wbw`©ó gvÎvi Bw_wjb Gi Dcw¯’wZ wbwðZ Kiv hvq| mvavibZ mwVKfv‡e dj cvKv‡bvi Rb¨ 500-2000 wc wc Gg Bw_wjb 24 †_‡K 48 N›Uv e¨envi Kiv nq|

AvRKvj wewµi c~e© ch©šÍ KuvPv dj‡K KuvPv †i‡L †`IqviI †KŠkj †ei Kiv n‡q‡Q| GRb¨ A¨vwg‡bvAwKª wfbvBj MøvBwmb (AVG),  A¨vwg‡bv AwKªA¨v‡mwUK A¨vwmW (AOA) Ges wmjfvi Avqb e¨envi Kiv nq| Giv d‡ji †fZi †_‡K Bw_wjb ˆZwi nIqv _vwg‡q iv‡L | Aek¨ Gi ciI dj †c‡K hvq| Kvib evB‡ii Bw_wjb Gi Dcw¯’wZ‡ZI dj cv‡K| GRb¨ dj hv‡Z Bw_wjb Gi Dcw¯’wZ †Ui bv cvq Zvi e¨e¯’v Kiv nq| 1-wg_vBjmvB‡K¬v †cÖvwcb (1-MCP) d‡ji Bw_wjb MÖvnK AYyi (receptor) m‡½ hy³ nq| d‡j †fZ‡ii wKsev evB‡ii †Kvb Bw_wjbB ZLb Avi KvR Ki‡Z cv‡ibv| 1-MCP evwYwR¨Kfv‡e wewµ nq| BD‡ivc I Av‡gwiKvi AšÍZ 34wU †`‡k dj `xN©mgq KuvPv ivLvi Rb¨ GUv wewµ Kiv nq| ïay dj KuvPv I ZvRv ivLvi Rb¨ bq , dzj Ges cvZv m‡ZR ivLvi Rb¨I GUv e¨envi Kiv nq|AvRKvj dz‡ji evRvi wekvj Ges jvfRbK| †mLv‡b GK ‡`k †_‡K Av‡iK †`‡k dzj m‡ZR mRxe Ae¯’vq Avg`vbx-ißvwb Kiv GK wekvj P¨v‡jÄ| 1-MCP  ev Smart Fresh GB KvRwU‡K A‡bK mnR K‡i w`‡q‡Q | dj-dzj ZvRv ivLvi GB Awfbe †KŠkj †µZv Ges we‡µZv Df‡qi Rb¨ DcKvix n‡jI A‡b‡K mgv‡jvPbv Ki‡Z Qv‡obbv|Kvib Gi d‡j Avgiv ZvRv dj wKsev dzj e‡j hv wKwb Zv A‡bK cyi‡bv|

Gwkqvi A‡bK †`‡k dj cvKv‡bvi Rb¨ cøvw÷‡Ki Aveib e¨envi Kiv nq| mvavibZ fviZ, cvwK¯Ívb, evsjv‡`k,gvj‡qwkqv cÖf„wZ †`‡k Avg cvKv‡bvi Rb¨ Gi m‡½ K¨vjwmqvg Kve©vBW e¨envi Kiv nq| K¨vjwmqvg Kve©vBW (Ca C<sub>2</sub>) a~mi Kv‡jv `vbv`vi imy‡bi MÜhy³ ivmvqwbK c`v_©| B¯úvZ KviLvbvq, avZe e¯‘ KvUvKvwU,I‡qwìs BZ¨vw` Kv‡Ri Rb¨ A¨vwmwUwjb M¨vm ˆZwi Kivi Rb¨ GUv e¨envi Kiv nq| we‡ùviK `ªe¨ ˆZwii Rb¨I GwU e¨envi Kiv nq| mvavibZ GUv ÔKve©vBWÕ ev ÔgkjvÕ bv‡g cwiwPZ| †h mKj ivmvqwbK Dcv`vb Rb ¯^v‡¯’¨i Rb¨ SuywK enb K‡i †m ZvwjKvq K¨vjwmqvg Kve©vBW AšÍf©y³| evwYwR¨K Kv‡R e¨eüZ K¨vjwmqvg Kve©vBW weï× bq | Gi m‡½ Av‡m©wbK Ges dmdivm wgwkªZ _vKvi d‡j gvbe ¯^v‡¯’¨i Rb¨ GUv AviI ¶wZKi|GRb¨ dj cvKv‡bvi Kv‡R AwaKvsk †`‡k  Gi e¨envi wbwl× Kiv n‡q‡Q| wKš‘ B`vbxs Rvbv   hv‡”Q Avg,Kjv,KuvVvj,wjPz †cu‡c Ges Ab¨vb¨ AviI A‡bK dj cvKv‡bvi Kv‡R Kve©vBW e¨vcKfv‡e e¨envi Kiv n‡”Q| K¨vjwmqvg Kve©vBW gvbe‡`‡ni ms¯ú‡k© Avm‡j Zvr¶wbK Ges `xN©†gqv`x Dfq ai‡bi welwµqv Ges ¶wZKi cÖfv‡ei Avk¼v i‡q‡Q| K¨vjwmqvg Kve©vB‡Wi Zvr¶wbK cÖwZwµqvi g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q t

·       k¦v‡mi m‡½ K¨vjwmqvg Kve©vB‡Wi M¨vm MÖnb Ki‡j Zv dzmdz‡mi Rb¨ ¶wZKi | mvavibZ Gi d‡j k¦vmKó Ges Kvwk nq| AwZgvÎvq MÖnb Ki‡j dzmdy‡m cvwb R‡g Zxeª k¦vmKó n‡Z cv‡i|

·       K¨vjwmqvg Kve©vBW Z¡‡Ki ms¯ú‡k© G‡j R¡vjv †cvov nq Ges jvj n‡q dz‡j †h‡Z cv‡i|

·       ‡Pv‡Li ms¯ú‡k© G‡j †Pv‡LI R¡vjv †cvov nq Ges †Pv‡Li KwY©qv webó n‡Z cv‡i |

·       K¨vjwmqvg Kve©vBW gyL, Mjv Ges †Kvgj wSwjø c`©vq cÖ`vn m„wó K‡i|

·       K¨vjwmqvg Kve©vBW †_‡K Drcbœ A¨vwmwUwjb M¨vm AwZgvÎvq kix‡i cÖ‡ek Ki‡j gv_v wSgwSg K‡i, gv_ve¨_v, `~e©jZv,k¦vmKó, eyK aoco Kiv, Wvqvwiqv, †c‡Ue¨_v,ewgewgfve Ges ewg n‡Z cv‡i| GgbwK A¨vwmwUwjb welwµqvi d‡j g„Zz¨ ch©šÍ n‡Z cv‡i|    

`xN©‡gqv‡` K¨vjwmqvg Kve©vBW Ges A¨vwmwUwj‡bi gvbe‡`‡ni Ici ¶wZKi cÖwZwµqv m¤ú‡K© †Zgb †Kv‡bv wbf©i‡hvM¨ Z_¨ cvIqv hvqbv| Z‡e wewfbœ my‡Î cÖvß Z_¨vbyhvqx Avk¼v Kiv nq Gi d‡j bvbviKg `xN©†gqv`x mœvqy‡ivM GgbwK wewfbœ ai‡bi K¨vÝvi n‡Z cv‡i | Mf©eZx gv‡qiv Kve©vBW w`‡q cvKv‡bv dj †L‡j Mf©¯’ wkïi ¶wZ nIqvi  Avk¼v i‡q‡Q | K¨vjwmqvg Kve©vBW ïay dj †fv³v‡`i Rb¨ ¶wZKi bq ; GUv e¨enviKvix K…lK Ges e¨emvqxivI Gi welwµqvi wkKvi n‡Z cv‡i | Avi Kve©vBW Gi mv‡_ wgwkªZ Av‡m©wbK Ges dmdivm  Gi ¶wZKi cÖfv‡ei m¤¢vebv A‡bK¸b evwo‡q †`q|

dj Ges mwâ‡Z AviI bvbv ai‡bi ¶wZKi Dcv`vb _vKvi Avk¼v i‡q‡Q| evjvBbvkK Ges KxUbvkK Ily‡ai Aewkóvsk A‡bK dj Ges mwâi g‡a¨ i‡q hvq| mvi Ges †mP Kv‡R e¨eüZ cvwb‡Z fvix avZz _vKvi Avk¼vI Kg bq| GQvov k‡m¨i  g‡a¨ cÖvK…wZKfv‡eI bvbv ai‡bi welv³ c`v_© †hgb- AvdjvUwKªb,c¨vUzwjb, IKiv UwKªb, BZ¨vw`I A‡bK dj Ges mwâ‡Z _vK‡Z cv‡i| GmKj welv³ `ªe¨ gvby‡li mœvqyZ‡š¿i Ic‡i ¶wZKi cÖfve †dj‡Z cv‡i| †Kvb †Kvb KxUbvkK hK…r,wKWbx Ges dzmdz‡mi ¶wZ Ki‡Z cv‡i | GgbwK Giv K¨vÝvi m„wói Rb¨I `vqx n‡Z cv‡i|

evsjv‡`‡k wbivc` Lv`¨ Aa¨v‡`k 2005 mvj Abymv‡i mKj ai‡bi welv³ ivmvqwbK Dcv`vb †hgb-  K¨vjwmqvg Kve©vBW,digvwjb,B‡Udb,KxUbvkK Dcv`vb wKsev ¶wZKi welv³ Lv`¨ e¯‘‡K / ¯^v` e„w×KviK Dcv`vb e¨envi Kiv wbwl×| wKš‘ AvB‡bi evavwb‡la D‡c¶v K‡i Amvay e¨emvqxiv GmKj `ªe¨ Aejxjvq e¨envi Ki‡Q Ges Rb¯^v‡¯’¨i Rb¨ ûgwK m„wó Ki‡Q | AZGe mKj‡K Gw`‡K bRi w`‡Z n‡e Ges m‡PZbZv m„wó Ki‡Z n‡e|

RbmvaviY‡K dj I mwâ †Kbv Ges LvIqvi †¶‡Î KZ¸wj wel‡q mZK© _vKv DwPZt

·       dj †Kbvi mgq ¶Zhy³ dj †Kbv DwPZ bq|

·       K…wÎg Dcv‡q cvKv‡bv me d‡ji is GKB iKg nq Ges G‡`i is PKP‡K AvKl©bxq n‡q _v‡K|

·       Lvevi &Ges ivbœvi Av‡M dj Ges mwâ cwi¯‹vi cÖevngvb cvwb w`‡q ay‡q wb‡Z n‡e|

·       dj-mwâ ivbœvi Av‡MB Gi †Lvmv Qvwo‡q wb‡j welv³ KxUbvkK Dcv`v‡bi cwigvb K‡g hv‡e|

·       ‡Lvjv evRvi n‡Z KvUv dj †Kbv DwPZ bq |

·       QÎvK msµwgZ dj-mwâ KLbI LvIqv DwPZ bq|

·       dj Ges mwâi †gŠmyg Qvov Ab¨ mg‡q wewµZ cvKv dj †Kbv DwPZ bq| Kvib G¸†jv K…wÎg Dcv‡q cvKv‡bvi m¤¢vebv †ewk _v‡K|

·       dj I mwâ †avqvi Rb¨ wWUvi‡R›U e¨envi Kiv DwPZ bq|Kvib Gi d‡j wWUvi‡R‡›Ui ivmvqwbK Dcv`vb dj I mwâi †fZi cÖ‡ek K‡i|

dj Ges mwâ ¯^v‡¯’¨i Rb¨ DcKvix| dj Ges mwâ Avgv‡`i  cywó, wfUvwgb I LwbR Dcv`v‡bi Pvwn`v †gUvq; †ivM cÖwZ‡iva ÿgZv evovq Ges K¨vÝvi cÖwZ‡iv‡a mvnvh¨ K‡i|wKš‘ wbqwZi cwinvm AvR wKQz Amvay we‡eKewR©Z  e¨emvqx P‡µi `y¯‹‡g©i Kvi‡b dj Ges mwâ cwibZ n‡q‡Q ¯^v‡¯’¨i Rb¨ ÿwZKi Ges Avk¼vi welq|Avgiv wbivc` dj Ges mwâ MÖnb Ki‡Z PvB| dj I mwâi Pvlvev` Ges e¨emv-evwY‡R¨i cÖmvi PvB| wKš‘ hv‡`i AcK‡g©i Rb¨ AvR Avg,wjPz,Kjv wKsev Ab¨vb¨ dj I mwâ Rb¯^v‡¯’¨i Rb¨ AvZ‡¼i wel‡q cwiYZ n‡q‡Q Zv‡`i weiæ‡× Dchy³ AvBbMZ I cÖkvmwbK e¨e¯’v MÖnb Ki‡Z n‡e| cvkvcvwk G wel‡q RbMY†K AwaKZi m‡PZb n‡Z n‡e|